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Source: {"body":{"en":"<p>Credit and funding opportunities can be divided in equity and debt capital. “Genuine</p><p>own money”, public funding, gifts and donations, cooperative and other company</p><p>shares and private loans are summarised as equity. Examples for debt capital are</p><p>loans from public or special financing institutions, instruments of the german GLS</p><p>Bank like “loan and gift community loans” or guaranteed loans, loans offered by the</p><p>public sector and land charge loans offered by local banks (Stiftung trias 2017, 9)</p><p>“Classical” funding opportunities are deposits and loans, which are backed up by</p><p>security values (Schneck 2006, 11), like land property or building leases (Stiftung</p><p>trias 2019, 16). In opposition, any other funding opportunities can be defined as</p><p>“alternative”. A classification about what is “alternative” is defined, in accordance to</p><p>their standards, by the risk management of each bank or money lender, in order to</p><p>determine risks of lending capital to costumers and their and stability. Most banks see</p><p>any loan which is not secured by land or buildings as “alternative financing”.</p><p>In addition, people, who do not have access to the classic sources of funding, have</p><p>developed new ways for getting access to capital and other sources needed for a</p><p>project to become reality. “Alternative” means in a lot of cases sharing the risk within</p><p>a group of people by dividing it into small guarantees. Examples are company shares</p><p>or “loan and gift community loans” or (a group lends money together, everyone</p><p>guarantees a small amount (a group lends money together, everyone guarantees a</p><p>small amount) or other different forms of crowdinvesting.</p><p>A number of banks have developed guidelines to evalute the risks of certain funding</p><p>opportunities and are able to deal with these funding opportunities.</p><p>Literature:</p><p>Schneck, Ottmar. 2006. Handbuch Alternative Finanzierungsformen. Weinheim:</p><p>WILEY-VCH Verlag.</p><p>ISBN 978-3-527-50219-6</p><p>Stiftung trias. 2017. Die Finanzierung zivilgesellschaftlicher Projekte. Hattingen:</p><p>Stiftung trias.</p><p>Stiftung trias. 2019. Bürgerfonds für Fachwerkstädte: Gemeinsames</p><p>Forschungsprojekt. Hattingen: Stiftung trias.</p><p>ISBN 978-3-948240-02-8</p><p>Cooperative City Books. 2017. Funding the Cooperative City. Edited by Daniela Patti</p><p>and Levente Polyák. Vienna: Eutropian Research &amp;amp; Action.</p><p>ISBN 978-3-9504409-0-4</p><p>\r\n</p>"},"title":{"en":"alternative credit and funding opportunities"}}

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