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+{"en"=>"Chikungunya Virus Antigens"}

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+["
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is a member of the genus Alphavirus, and family Togaviridae. It was first isolated in 1953 in Tanzania and is an RNA virus with a positive-sense single-stranded genome of about 11.6kb. CHIKV is the epidemiologically most prevalent alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes during the blood meal, and it can cause chikungunya fever. The most common symptoms of CHIKV infection are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct lineages of CHIKV corresponding to their respective geographical origins: the West African, the East-Central-South African (ECSA), and the Asian lineages. In the United States, it is classified as a category B priority pathogen, and work requires biosafety level III precautions.
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CHIKV is a single-strand RNA virus composed of 11,600 nucleotides coding four nonstructural proteins (nsP1-nsP4) and three structural proteins. The structural proteins are the capsid and two envelope glycoproteins: E1 and E2, which form heterodimeric spikes on the viron surface (Figure 1). E2 binds to cellular receptors in order to enter the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. E1 contains a fusion peptide which, when exposed to the acidity of the endosome in eukaryotic cells, dissociates from E2 and initiates membrane fusion that allows the release of nucleocapsids into the host cytoplasm, promoting infection. Subsequently, the nucleocapsid disassembles in the cytoplasm, releasing the viral genomic RNA. The mature virion contains 240 heterodimeric spikes of E2/E1, which after release, bud on the surface of the infected cell, where they are released by exocytosis to infect other cells. Figure 2 indicates the CHIKV replication cycle in vertebrate cells.
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Currently, there is no CHIKV-specific antiviral or vaccine. Patient management relies only on symptom relief with antalgics (paracetamol) and steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The identification of new antiviral strategies relies on a better understanding of CHIKV host cell interactions and on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways co-opted by the virus to become a successful human pathogen. Creative Diagnostics offers a series of chikungunya virus antigens for the vaccine research and development, and if you are in need, welcome to contact our sales representative.
\n
References
Castillo-Macías, A.; et al. (2017). Immunology of viral infections with a high impact in Mexico: Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. Medicina Universitaria, 19(77), 198-207
Kril, V.; et al. (2021). New Insights into Chikungunya Virus Infection and Pathogenesis. Annual Review of Virology, 8:1, 327-347
\ngid://decidim-openheritage/Decidim::Hashtag/1/_bug"]

+["Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is a member of the genus Alphavirus, and family Togaviridae. It was first isolated in 1953 in Tanzania and is an RNA virus with a positive-sense single-stranded genome of about 11.6kb. CHIKV is the epidemiologically most prevalent alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes during the blood meal, and it can cause chikungunya fever. The most common symptoms of CHIKV infection are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct lineages of CHIKV corresponding to their respective geographical origins: the West African, the East-Central-South African (ECSA), and the Asian lineages. In the United States, it is classified as a category B priority pathogen, and work requires biosafety level III precautions.\nCHIKV is a single-strand RNA virus composed of 11,600 nucleotides coding four nonstructural proteins (nsP1-nsP4) and three structural proteins. The structural proteins are the capsid and two envelope glycoproteins: E1 and E2, which form heterodimeric spikes on the viron surface (Figure 1). E2 binds to cellular receptors in order to enter the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. E1 contains a fusion peptide which, when exposed to the acidity of the endosome in eukaryotic cells, dissociates from E2 and initiates membrane fusion that allows the release of nucleocapsids into the host cytoplasm, promoting infection. Subsequently, the nucleocapsid disassembles in the cytoplasm, releasing the viral genomic RNA. The mature virion contains 240 heterodimeric spikes of E2/E1, which after release, bud on the surface of the infected cell, where they are released by exocytosis to infect other cells. Figure 2 indicates the CHIKV replication cycle in vertebrate cells.\nCurrently, there is no CHIKV-specific antiviral or vaccine. Patient management relies only on symptom relief with antalgics (paracetamol) and steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The identification of new antiviral strategies relies on a better understanding of CHIKV host cell interactions and on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways co-opted by the virus to become a successful human pathogen. Creative Diagnostics offers a series of <a href=\"https://www.creative-diagnostics.com/tag-chikungunya-virus-antigens-81.htm\">chikungunya virus antigens</a> for the vaccine research and development, and if you are in need, welcome to contact our sales representative.\nReferences Castillo-Macías, A.; et al. (2017). Immunology of viral infections with a high impact in Mexico: Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. Medicina Universitaria, 19(77), 198-207 Kril, V.; et al. (2021). New Insights into Chikungunya Virus Infection and Pathogenesis. Annual Review of Virology, 8:1, 327-347\ngid://decidim-openheritage/Decidim::Hashtag/1/_bug"]

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+["
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is a member of the genus Alphavirus, and family Togaviridae. It was first isolated in 1953 in Tanzania and is an RNA virus with a positive-sense single-stranded genome of about 11.6kb. CHIKV is the epidemiologically most prevalent alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes during the blood meal, and it can cause chikungunya fever. The most common symptoms of CHIKV infection are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct lineages of CHIKV corresponding to their respective geographical origins: the West African, the East-Central-South African (ECSA), and the Asian lineages. In the United States, it is classified as a category B priority pathogen, and work requires biosafety level III precautions.
\n
CHIKV is a single-strand RNA virus composed of 11,600 nucleotides coding four nonstructural proteins (nsP1-nsP4) and three structural proteins. The structural proteins are the capsid and two envelope glycoproteins: E1 and E2, which form heterodimeric spikes on the viron surface (Figure 1). E2 binds to cellular receptors in order to enter the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. E1 contains a fusion peptide which, when exposed to the acidity of the endosome in eukaryotic cells, dissociates from E2 and initiates membrane fusion that allows the release of nucleocapsids into the host cytoplasm, promoting infection. Subsequently, the nucleocapsid disassembles in the cytoplasm, releasing the viral genomic RNA. The mature virion contains 240 heterodimeric spikes of E2/E1, which after release, bud on the surface of the infected cell, where they are released by exocytosis to infect other cells. Figure 2 indicates the CHIKV replication cycle in vertebrate cells.
\n
Currently, there is no CHIKV-specific antiviral or vaccine. Patient management relies only on symptom relief with antalgics (paracetamol) and steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The identification of new antiviral strategies relies on a better understanding of CHIKV host cell interactions and on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways co-opted by the virus to become a successful human pathogen. Creative Diagnostics offers a series of chikungunya virus antigens for the vaccine research and development, and if you are in need, welcome to contact our sales representative.
\n
References
Castillo-Macías, A.; et al. (2017). Immunology of viral infections with a high impact in Mexico: Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. Medicina Universitaria, 19(77), 198-207
Kril, V.; et al. (2021). New Insights into Chikungunya Virus Infection and Pathogenesis. Annual Review of Virology, 8:1, 327-347
\ngid://decidim-openheritage/Decidim::Hashtag/1/_bug"]

Deletions

Additions

+["Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is a member of the genus Alphavirus, and family Togaviridae. It was first isolated in 1953 in Tanzania and is an RNA virus with a positive-sense single-stranded genome of about 11.6kb. CHIKV is the epidemiologically most prevalent alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes during the blood meal, and it can cause chikungunya fever. The most common symptoms of CHIKV infection are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, or rash. Phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct lineages of CHIKV corresponding to their respective geographical origins: the West African, the East-Central-South African (ECSA), and the Asian lineages. In the United States, it is classified as a category B priority pathogen, and work requires biosafety level III precautions.\nCHIKV is a single-strand RNA virus composed of 11,600 nucleotides coding four nonstructural proteins (nsP1-nsP4) and three structural proteins. The structural proteins are the capsid and two envelope glycoproteins: E1 and E2, which form heterodimeric spikes on the viron surface (Figure 1). E2 binds to cellular receptors in order to enter the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. E1 contains a fusion peptide which, when exposed to the acidity of the endosome in eukaryotic cells, dissociates from E2 and initiates membrane fusion that allows the release of nucleocapsids into the host cytoplasm, promoting infection. Subsequently, the nucleocapsid disassembles in the cytoplasm, releasing the viral genomic RNA. The mature virion contains 240 heterodimeric spikes of E2/E1, which after release, bud on the surface of the infected cell, where they are released by exocytosis to infect other cells. Figure 2 indicates the CHIKV replication cycle in vertebrate cells.\nCurrently, there is no CHIKV-specific antiviral or vaccine. Patient management relies only on symptom relief with antalgics (paracetamol) and steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The identification of new antiviral strategies relies on a better understanding of CHIKV host cell interactions and on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways co-opted by the virus to become a successful human pathogen. Creative Diagnostics offers a series of <a href=\"https://www.creative-diagnostics.com/tag-chikungunya-virus-antigens-81.htm\">chikungunya virus antigens</a> for the vaccine research and development, and if you are in need, welcome to contact our sales representative.\nReferences Castillo-Macías, A.; et al. (2017). Immunology of viral infections with a high impact in Mexico: Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. Medicina Universitaria, 19(77), 198-207 Kril, V.; et al. (2021). New Insights into Chikungunya Virus Infection and Pathogenesis. Annual Review of Virology, 8:1, 327-347\ngid://decidim-openheritage/Decidim::Hashtag/1/_bug"]

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